COMPLETE AND COMPREHENSIVE General Surgery

• Trauma surgery primarily focuses on the treatment and management of serious life-threatening injuries sustained in an accident. 
• The surgery is performed in emergency cases when the patient needs immediate treatment and there is no other resort. 
• The trauma care team at CMRI is available 24/7 for catering to the needs of the patients with state of the art interventions. 
• Trauma surgery can also be performed for conditions like appendicitis, perforated bowel, abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, incarcerated hernia and perforated ulcers
• Trauma surgery involved both invasive and non-invasive interventions to address the injuries, predominantly in acute settings. 

• Laparoscopic surgery is an advanced procedure that allows surgeons to accept the organs present within the abdominal cavity via a minimally invasive approach. 
• Laparoscopic surgery is also sometimes referred to as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery. 
• The procedure involves the use of a laparoscope, which is a special equipment with a light source and a video camera on one of its ends. 
• Laparoscopic surgery comes with a lot of benefits which include smaller scars, shorter hospital stay, and minimal pain, bleeding and scarring. 
• Common laparoscopic procedures include Hernia surgery, appendectomy, gallbladder removal, LESS, colon surgery, stomach surgery and enter reflex surgery. 

• Minimally invasive surgery is an umbrella term used for various surgical procedures that are performed via tiny incisions, without the need for any large opening
• Minimally invasive surgery is a comparatively new modality, that comes with many benefits like faster recovery, minimal bleeding, and less pain. 
• The technique uses high definition imaging modality to guide the special equipment that can be introduced inside the body via very small incisions. 
• Some of the common minimally invasive surgical procedures include adrenalectomy, brain surgery, colectomy, hiatal hernia repair, nephrectomy and splenectomy. 

• Gastrointestinal surgery, as the name suggests, refers to the various surgical interventions involving the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. 
• Common conditions treated in general gastrointestinal surgery include achalasia, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis and pseudocyst. 
• Gastrointestinal surgery may also be performed for benign and malignant tumours of the stomach, pancreas and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. 
• Gastrointestinal surgery can be performed in three ways - endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. 
• Endoscopic surgery involves the use of a special instrument known as an endoscope which is introduced via a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth, nose or anus. 
• Laparoscopic surgery involves the use of a laparoscopic which is introduced inside the body via a tiny incision. 
• Robotic surgery is a highly advanced modality carried out with the help of robotic arms and high definition imaging guidance. 

• Cardiothoracic surgery is concerned with the treatment and management of conditions involving the organs of the thoracic cavity. These involve the heart, lungs and other surrounding structures. 
• The main areas of cardiothoracic surgery are adult cardiac surgery, congenital cardiac surgery, general thoracic surgery and transplant surgery.
• Common surgical procedures include coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve repair or replacement, surgical removal of lung cancer and tumours, surgery for a collapsed lung, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

• Colorectal surgery addresses problems related to the rectum,  anus and colon. 
• Common surgical procedures performed are colectomy, colostomy, endoscopic surgery, hemorrhoidectomy, rectopexy and internal sphincterotomy. 

Breast surgery

• General breast surgery is a non-cosmetic surgical modality that aims at addressing various diseases and ailments involving the breast, rather than improving their shape and appearance. 
• General breast surgeries involved lumpectomy, partial mastectomy and total mastectomy. 

• Surgical oncology is an advanced speciality that offers surgical modalities for the diagnosis, staging treatment and management of various malignancies. 
• Surgery may be performed for diagnosing cancer (biopsy), extracting the tumour, staging of cancer, extracting the disease organ or tissue, relieving symptoms and restoring the appearance and function of the affected organ. 
• Cancer Surgery can be of many types which include laparoscopy, laser surgery, cryosurgery and robotic surgery. 

• Endocrine surgery aims at addressing problems related to the endocrine glands, i.e. thyroid gland, parathyroid gland and adrenal glands. 
• Common endocrine surgical procedures include adrenalectomy, parathyroidectomy, thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy.

• Transplant surgery, as the name suggests, aims at replacing damaged or diseased organs of the patients with healthy organs taken from a suitable donor. 
• Common transplant surgery includes lung transplant, kidney transplant, liver transplant and heart transplant.

• Vascular surgery involves interventions that are performed to treat the diseases and illnesses of the vascular system, i.e. the blood vessels. 
• Common conditions that are treated by vascular surgery include carotid artery disease, aneurysms, critical limb ischemia, venous disease and lymphedema.